11
Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
12
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:
13
(1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.
14
(2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds.
15
(3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination,
through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.